Maintaining Data Quality and Integrity

Maintaining Data Quality and IntegritySadly, over the years we have all watched as one company after another has opened its doors only to eventually fail.  Although there are always different reasons for a company not reaching the goal of success, many of these failed businesses, whether online or brick and mortar, has to do with poor data quality and integrity.  By this we mean that not only is the information maintained by the company not what it should be but systems (or lack thereof) do not provide the needed level of security and protection.

Any company, no matter the size of industry, has to have a firm grip on reality associated with data quality and integrity from day one.  There will be many high priority issues of running a sound business but this sits at the top of the list for importance.  One of the primary reasons companies go under is that instead of identifying appropriate strategies for data first and then implementing and managing systems to keep everything in check, they skip over this vital step and end up spending a tremendous amount of money trying to play catch up or fixing problems.

When this happens, the company begins to lose revenue and before they know it, they are in serious financial trouble.  Of course, when it comes to data quality and integrity, not only is there the money side to the equation, but the company has also been in operation without having the necessary tools and procedures in place to ensure data is safe and secure.  Therefore, the business is now faced with two issues, one being financial and the other being the risk of exposing proprietary information.

The truth is that while there are some options for getting things under control after the fact, data quality and integrity challenges are rarely managed in an effective manner once the problems begin.  Every successful company knows the key to full success is by starting with a comprehensive and controlled system.  This way, damage is avoided, thus reducing the level of risk for fixing the problem.

The best approach is to start by meeting with key personnel, as well as vendors and programmers who can offer the best solution for your data quality and integrity before the business opens.  Together, all of the needed rules, procedures, policies, monitoring, and constraints pertaining to the company’s data can be addressed and a plan developed and then put into motion.  As a result, making hasty decisions and spending a lot of money to fix a problem is completely avoided.

Working closely with a professional group that designs systems specific to data quality and integrity, all the guesswork on how to proceed is removed.  These professionals will guide you through the process of what it takes to create and grow an effective organization without feeling completely overwhelmed.  Remember, if the company’s data is protected, managed, and monitored appropriately, you are well on your way to the top.

Companies that offer solutions for data quality and integrity will give you all of the steps needed to build a foundation.  Some of the key areas that would be discussed prior to any system being implemented would include:

  • All aspects of data quality and integrity would be explored, regardless how simple or complex so a proactive approach can be developed
  • The major components relating to data lifecycle would also be addressed so the technical team can put together suggestions as to the tools required
  • Any potential and existing risks would also be identified and then a step-by-step guide written for the launch of any database management solution
  • Various products and resources would also be considered so data quality and integrity would be supported to include management, monitoring, cleansing, and warehousing

It is imperative that any business owner take the time and effort to fully understand how data quality and integrity can either help the company grow or cause it to fail.  Without a well designed strategy, companies start by capturing poor quality data and then having no sound system to manage it.  The two combined is a recipe for disaster.  Instead, a professional company will look at your specific needs so an affordable and realistic strategy can be presented.

At that stage, you would have the opportunity to look at the various technological options for maintaining data quality and integrity and make a decision based on need, support, tools, and cost.  With an effective plan in place, employees gather pertinent information, in putting the data into the system with little to no error.  After good data is stored, you then have everything you need to maintain the integrity.

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Best data modeling and architecture practices

Most present day business firms prefer to divide their functions into several highly character-specific “projects”. The success or failure of a company depends critically on the viability of the projects it chooses to undertake. In order to understand why projects fail and what corrective measures need to be taken in such scenarios, we need to understand “projects” clearly first:

A project can be defined as “any outcome the company or one of its team is committed to achieve that will take more than one action step to complete”. Alternatively, projects can also be explained as a management environment that is created for the purpose of delivering one or more business products according to a specified business case.

However, project management, on its own; do not constitute the sole important architecture practice of a successful corporate business house. Apart from management of projects, the most important analytical tasks of a business firm are:

  • Databases, Appliances & Emerging Technology,
  • Architecture & Implementation Consulting,
  • Training and Mentoring personnel to help them experts in modeling the available data.

The most important component based on which all business houses function is “data”. Data typically refers to the set of information (real time and/or past) that is available to the company. The company, based on the available data, performs requisite functions, be it data modeling, sampling or simply analyzing it.

In the world of information technology (IT), data modeling is the process of creating a data model by applying formal data model descriptions using data modeling techniques. As companies have grown, so has the magnitude and complexity of the data available to it. Hence, in order to properly analyze and examine the data, avoid sheer confusion, the need for proper data modeling has also gone up enormously.

Over the years, different techniques have been designed by IT designers and coders for creating more and more effective data models. The focus has always been to handle the data that comes to a business firm are always prepared for detailed analysis. Several techniques have been developed for the design of data models. However, while certain pre-determined methodologies guide data modelers in their work, different companies, using the same methodology might come up with very different results.

The most popular data models that are currently in use are:

  • Bachman diagrams,
  • Barker’s Notation,
  • Business rules
  • Data Vault Modeling ,
  • Entity-relationship model
  • Extended Backus–Naur form,
  • IDEF1X,
  • Object-relational mapping,
  • Object Role Modeling ,
  • Relational Model, and
  • Semantic data modeling

Some of the major data modeling tools that are currently in use are CA Erwin, Sybase PowerDesigner, Oracle Designer and IBM Rational Rose.

Architecture practices in a business firm often refer to the manner and technique in which data is stored in databases, i.e., data warehousing. A Data Warehouse is usually one component of an overall business intelligence solution. Data warehousing and architecture practices are often thought in terms of products and services, but they are certainly not as simplistic as they sound when they are defined in these terms.

As data flows in an industry, a pyramid-like structure is generally used for modeling and analyzing the data. The structure comprises of:

  1. Data: This lies at the base level of the pyramid and consists of raw facts and figures coming into the possession of companies,
  2. Information: The relevant part of the received data is then filtered out. This part is called information,
  3. Knowledge: After analyzing the information, certain inferences and conclusions can be drawn. This is called the knowledge gleaned from the information, and
  4. Wisdom: At the topmost level lies wisdom – the strategic plans of action that can be drawn up on the basis of the obtained inferences.
The best architecture policies are not solely related with technology and IT issues. Data Warehousing and Business Intelligence is all about adding value to all business activities. Typically, a business house has certain basic crucial tasks that need to be performed effectively for smooth functioning. These tasks are:
  • Improving profitability,
  • Reducing cost, and
  • Improving customer satisfaction

Architecture practices help to answer these important questions that, as a result, help a business to achieve its strategic focus. Architecture is about delivering an elegant solution that meets the solution requirements of the above-mentioned challenges that any company faces. It indeed is a mixture of science and technology and the art of analyzing business problems.

There are certain requirements that a good architecture practice must satisfy. Some of these necessary requirements are:

  • it must recognize change as a constant,
  • it should ideally take incremental development approach,
  • it should allow existing applications to continue working, and
  • It needs to allow more data and new types of data to be added.
Architecture practices, at the highest level, must meet the requirements of the two distinct domains of IT-related activities – on-line transaction processing (OLTP) and business intelligence systems (BIS).
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Data cleansing

If you are thinking in terms of cleansing of all your data in your home washing machine, using the agitator and running the equipment at full speed, you are farthest from the key issue. Data cleansing is a technical term that relates to checking of records for accuracy, relevancy, illegibility, major spelling errors, etc and doing the needful to make them user-friendly at the time of working with them. Data cleansing can be performed within a single set of records as also between multiple sets of data that needs to be merged, i.e. to be worked together.

Data cleansing can be performed in two ways – manually and through software.

Manual data cleansing involves a person or better still with at least two people – one reading through the information and the other doing the necessary corrections. Typographic mistakes and spelling errors are checked and corrected, mislabeled data is appropriately labeled and filed, while unfinished or missing entries are subjected to research and rejuvenation. Unrecoverable records are simply dumped out for creating useful storage space. The mission is sometimes also called Data Scrubbing.

Now let us see what data cleansing is with a software solution. With large organizations (it is difficult for a large organization to carry out manual data cleansing simply because of the huge amount of data that might need to be verified and cleaned), data cleansing is often performed with the aid of computer software that can either be tailored to suit an organization’s special requirements or may be procured from the market. These data cleansing software tools have set guidelines like deleting all records that have not been updated within the last five years or so, correcting zip codes for particular towns or cities, changing the price structure of all saleable products from US Dollar to contemporary Euros. Exceptional software can perform amazingly by recovering partly lost data by activating their own search engines.

The job of data cleansing or data verifying is vital for data dependant business houses. If a client’s email address is not formatted correctly in the database, the company’s automated email system would be unable to send out the special coupons or deals particularly meant for the client, thereby causing serious damage to the company’s goodwill, apart from a loss of business. Even for offline business houses, there may be problems in reaching their clientele if accurate phone numbers are not listed in the database. And even when they are listed, they must be done is such a way so that such data can be retrieved quickly. After all, the job of data cleansing is to ensure that the data or information stored is accurate and useful, and it can be retrieved quickly.

However, when two sets of data need to work in tandem, the picture may turn slightly complex. Fancy a business house having two branches, catering more or less similar customers. Data maintenance and data cleansing assumes even more importance in all such cases.

Here the data not only needs to be accurate (that can be confirmed through data cleansing) for each branch but also should match with each other. If a customer dealing with Branch A has updated his/her phone number, the new number should appear in Branch A’s database as well as in Branch B’s database so that any message that has to delivered to the customer can be done by any of the Branches. For the same reason, data cleansing works not only to ensure that the record is accurate but also it is consistent between different records.

In today’s world, a dependable database is considered to be the backbone of any business – big or small; online or offline, exporting or importing merchandise. Accurate data can only keep that backbone strong and healthy. But human error often creeps in when storing such enormous data in an encrypted database that is the private property of the business house. Without regular cleansing or verifying, whatever you may call it, errors and slip-ups are bound to occur, leading to not only loss of business but loss of face, which is even more perilous.

As earlier mentioned, data cleansing can also be done through computer software that are available in the open market. These software or programs sometimes have amazing qualities that can even provide novel means of business administration through data processing. For instance, there are programs that not only check data for accuracy but help companies build databases which ensure the integrity and accuracy of inventory control. With such tools in hand, business houses can work with lower inventory levels and craft ‘Data-Driven’ purchasing. The programs also help business housed edit and clean available inventory data while creating an accurate baseline database.

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